Changing Windows display fonts in Windows 8 and newer

The Window Color and Appearance dialog, which let you change the fonts and colors and other properties of various window elements, vanished in Windows 8. Fortunately, the Registry settings for those options haven't changed much; they're still located in:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\WindowMetrics

The binary entries with names ending in "Font" are the ones that control the font of the various controls. IconFont, for instance, is responsible for almost all "content" text, including desktop icon captions.

The first four bytes are the font size in points, little endian and binary-NOT'ed. The font name starts at byte 0x1C, and is a null-terminated UTF16-LE string.

Custom IconFont setting (Comic Sans MS)

Changes take effect after a logoff/logon cycle.

The result, in Windows 10's Explorer

Based on my Super User answer.